Nancy, a single taxpayer paid $18,000 in medical expenses in 2016. Her AGI in 2016 was $100,000. Nancy filed a claim for reimbursement of medical expenses with her insurance company in 2016 but did not receive reimbursement until May 15, 2017. Nancy paid no other expenses in 2016. Assuming medical expenses have a 10% floor and the standard deduction in 2016 is $6,300, how much of the medical expense reimbursement must Nancy include in gross in 2017 if she receives a reimbursement of $18,000?

Which of the following actions would be most likely to reduce potential conflicts of interest between stockholders and managers? a. change the corporation's formal documents to make it easier for outside investors to acquire a controlling interest in the firm through a hostile takeover. b. eliminate a requirement that members of the board of directors must hold a high percentage of their personal wealth in the firm's stock. c. for a firm that compensates managers with stock options, reduce the time before options are vested, i.e., the time before options can be exercised and the shares that are received can be sold. d. pay managers large cash salaries and give them no stock options. e. beef up the restrictive covenants in the firm's debt agreements.