Which of the following is not an example of macro economics

Reliability and validity reliability and validity are two important considerations that must be made with any type of data collection. reliability refers to the ability to consistently produce a given result. in the context of psychological research, this would mean that any instruments or tools used to collect data do so in consistent, reproducible ways. unfortunately, being consistent in measurement does not necessarily mean that you have measured something correctly. to illustrate this concept, consider a kitchen scale that would be used to measure the weight of cereal that you eat in the morning. if the scale is not properly calibrated, it may consistently under- or overestimate the amount of cereal that’s being measured. while the scale is highly reliable in producing consistent results (e.g., the same amount of cereal poured onto the scale produces the same reading each time), those results are incorrect. this is where validity comes into play. validity refers to the extent to which a given instrument or tool accurately measures what it’s supposed to measure. while any valid measure is by necessity reliable, the reverse is not necessarily true. researchers strive to use instruments that are both highly reliable and valid.

Peppy knows a lot about marketing, but not much about the legal or financial aspects of starting a new business. he wants to consult with a lawyer and accountant, but his budget is tight with all of the expenses involved in getting peppy's pizzazzeria up and running. peppy should: trust his basic instincts and try to put it together without the advice of lawyers and accountants. delay talking with a lawyer and accountant until the business has established a positive cash flow for at least one year. immediately hire full-time lawyers and accountants for his staff. consult with a lawyer and accountant even though the budget is tight.

Rebel technology maintains its records using cash-basis accounting. during the year, the company received cash from customers, $43,000, and paid cash for salaries, $23,500. at the beginning of the year, customers owe rebel $1,000. by the end of the year, customers owe $6,600. at the beginning of the year, rebel owes salaries of $5,600. at the end of the year, rebel owes salaries of $3,300. determine cash-basis net income and accrual-basis net income for the year.