While attempts to understand and measure the current process and make performance improvements accordingly, is the analysis and redesign of workflow that occurs at the systems level or companywide level and the end-to-end view of a process.

Cadillac's portfolio consists of sedans, a crossover, a sport utility vehicle, and a high-performance version of the sedan. the sedans are sold through the cadillac dealer network, but the high-performance version is sold in limited volumes and is not available at all dealers. this difference in availability is an example of how the products within the cadillac portfolio are differentiated by the