To more efficiently manage its inventory, Treynor Corporation maintains its internal inventory records using first-in, first-out (FIFO) under a perpetual inventory system. The following information relates to its merchandise inventory during the year:

Jan 1 Inventory on hand—24, 000 units; cost $12.60 each.
Feb 12 Purchased 74,000 units for $12.90 each.
Apr.30 Sold 50 ,000 units for $20.40 each.
Jul 22 Purchased 54, 000 units for $13.20 each.
Sep9 Sold 74,000 units for $20.40 each.
Nov 17 Purchased 44, 000 units for $13.60 each.
Dec. 31 Inventory on hand—72, 000 units.

Required:
a. Determine the amount Treynor would calculate internally for ending inventory and cost of goods sold using first-in, first-out (FIFO) under a perpetual inventory system.
b. Determine the amount Treynor would report externally for ending inventory and cost of goods sold using last-in, first-out (LIFO) under a periodic inventory system.
c. Determine the amount Treynor would report for its LIFO reserve at the end of the year.
d. Record the year-end adjusting entry for the LIFO reserve, assuming the balance at the beginning of the year was $14,000.