Mr. Ballard retired in 2018 at age 69 and made his first withdrawal of $35,000 from his traditional IRA. At year-end, the IRA balance was $441,000. In 2019, he withdrew $60,000 from the IRA. At year-end, the account balance was $407,000. Determine how much of each annual withdrawal was taxable assuming that: Mr. Ballard made $320,000 nondeductible contributions to the IRA. Mr. Ballards contributions to the IRA were fully deductible.

a)

Contributions amounting to $320,000 were non deductible.

First year of withdrawal:

Taxfree withdrawal % = Uncovered Investments / Current year value x 100

Taxfree withdrawal % = [$320,000 / ($441,000 + $35,000)] x 100

Taxfree withdrawal % = [$320 / $476,000] x 100

Taxfree withdrawal % = 67.23%

Amount of taxfree withdrawal = 67.23% x $35,000

Amount of taxfree withdrawal = $23,530.5

Taxable amount = Total Withdrawal - Tax free withdrawal

Taxable amount = $35,000 - $23,530.5

Taxable amount = $11,469.5

Second year of withdrawal:

Taxfree withdrawal % = [($320,000 - $23,530.5) / ($407,000 + $60,000)] x 100

Taxfree withdrawal % = [$296, 469.5 / $467,000] x 100

Taxfree withdrawal % = 63.48%

Amount of taxfree withdrawal = 63.48% x $60,000

Amount of taxfree withdrawal = $38,088

Taxable amount = $60,000 - $38,088

Taxable amount = $21,912

b)

$35,000 would be included in taxable income in first year and $60,000 would be included in taxable income in second year.

answer; ///i believe the correct   answer is (e) transformational;