The consumer buying process begins when: Select one: a. a manufacturer develops a new product. b. consumers begin to seek information about an upcoming purchase. c. merchants offer goods and services for sale. d. consumers recognize that they have unsatisfied needs. e. marketing research discovers a new, untapped market segment.

One question from a survey was "how many credit cards do you currently have? " the results of the survey are provided. complete parts (a) through (g) below. click the icon to view the survey results. (a) determine the mean number of credit cards based on the raw data. the mean is 3.113.11 credit cards. (type an integer or a decimal. do not round.) (b) determine the standard deviation number of credit cards based on the raw data. the standard deviation is 1.9111.911 credit cards. (round to three decimal places as needed.) (c) determine a probability distribution for the random variable, x, the number of credit cards issued to an individual. x (# of cards) p(x) x (# of cards) p(x) 1 0.280.28 6 nothing 2 nothing 7 nothing 3 nothing 8 nothing 4 nothing 9 nothing 5 nothing 10 nothing (type integers or decimals. do not round.)

Calculate the cost of each capital component—in other words, the after-tax cost of debt, the cost of preferred stock (including flotation costs), and the cost of equity (ignoring flotation costs). use both the capm method and the dividend growth approach to find the cost of equity.calculate the cost of new stock using the dividend growth approach.what is the cost of new common stock based on the capm? (hint: find the difference between re and rs as determined by the dividend growth approach and then add that difference to the capm value for rs.)assuming that gao will not issue new equity and will continue to use the same target capital structure, what is the company’s wacc? e. suppose gao is evaluating three projects with the following characteristics.each project has a cost of $1 million. they will all be financed using the target mix of long-term debt, preferred stock, and common equity. the cost of the common equity for each project should be based on the beta estimated for the project. all equity will come from reinvested earnings.equity invested in project a would have a beta of 0.5 and an expected return of 9.0%.equity invested in project b would have a beta of 1.0 and an expected return of 10.0%.equity invested in project c would have a beta of 2.0 and an expected return of 11.0%.analyze the company’s situation, and explain why each project should be accepted or rejected g

Which are the best examples of costs that should be considered when creating a project budget?