Hall and Klitgaard approach economic history as a sequence of technical and political arrangements to deal with energy. Indeed, they see energy as the single non-substitutable factor of production.

The key issue for them is Energy Return on Energy Invested. How do they calculate EROEI?

a EROI = Energy Output/Energy Input
b EROI = Energy Input/Energy Output
c EROI = Energy Output divided by the price of energy
d EROI = Energy Input divided by the price of energy

Email viruses are typically launched by people who modify header information to hide their identity. brightmail's enrique salem says that in the future, your email reader will authenticate the sender before putting hte message in your inbox. that way, you will know the source of all the emails you read. alan nugent of novell says, "i'm kind of a fan of eliminating anonymity if that is the price for security." will eliminating anonymity make computers more secure?

Florence invested in a factory requiring. federally-mandated reductions in carbon emissions. how will this impact florence as the factory's owner? a. her factory will be worth less once the upgrades are complete. b. her factory will likely be bought by the epa. c. florence will have to invest a large amount of capital to update the factory for little financial gain. d. florence will have to invest a large amount of capital to update the factory for a large financial gain.

Which of the following scenarios will probably cause prices to drop