The four steps necessary to complete a cost of production report in a process cost system are allocate costs to units transferred out and partially completed units determine the units to be assigned costs determine the cost per equivalent unit compute equivalent units of production

Step 1: Determine units to be assigned costs

Step 2: Compute equivalent units of production

Step 3: Determine the cost per equivalent unit.

Step 4: Allocate costs to units transferred out and partially completed units.

Explanation:

Step 1: Determine units to be assigned costs ; this is done by measuring the costs per unit equivalent by taking the total costs (both starting work and costs added this period) and dividing by the total equivalent units.

Step 2: Compute equivalent units of production ; An equivalent production unit is an indication of the amount of work done by a producer on output units which are partially completed at the end of an accounting period. This is done by multiplying the number of partially completed units by the percentage of completion.

Step 3: Determine the cost per equivalent unit ; To measure costs per unit equivalent by taking the total costs (both starting work and costs added this period) and dividing by the total equivalent units.

Step 4: Allocate costs to units transferred out and partially completed units ; this is calculated by multiplying  the equivalent units calculated for units started and completed by the cost per equivalent unit for materials, labor and overhead.

sound is invisible, but sometimes we can feel it. when a kettle-drum is thumped with a stick that time the tight drum skin moving up and down very quickly for some time and then it pumped sound waves into the air. loudspeakers also work in a similar manner.

components of a speaker:

electromagnet

in order to translate an electrical signal into an audible sound, an electromagnet is used in looudspeakers

  suspension

suspension is used to   center the voice coil in the gap of the magnet and it exerts a restoring force to keep it there. suspension is used to limits the maximum mechanical excursion of the diaphragm and voice coil.

voice coil

voice coil is a coil of wire which is attached to the apex of a loudspeaker cone. it provides the motive force to the cone by the reaction of a magnetic field to the current passing through it.

cone

in a   loudspeaker, a   thin, semi-rigid membrane attached to the voice coil, which moves in a magnetic gap due to which it vibrates   and produced sound. it is known as diaphragm and it can also be called a cone, though not all speaker diaphragms are cone-shaped.

surround

surround is also known as front suspension. surround is used to join the cone to the chassis. together with the suspension it controls the cone excursion, and it is also used to   determine how energy which is   travelling through the cone is absorbed, and how the speaker limits when it reaches the ends of its travel.

dustcap

dustcap is used to protect the voice coil from dust and dirt. it is a part of the cone.

how speaker work

the outer part of the cone is fastened to the outer part of the loudspeaker's circular metal rim. the inner part is fixed to   voice coil that sits just in front of a permanent magnet . when loudspeaker is hooked up to a stereo, electrical signals feed through the speaker cables into the coil. it will convert the coil into an electromagnet magnet . when electricity flows back and forth in the cables, the electromagnet either repels or attract the permanent magnet. this moves the coil back and forth, and it pull and push the loudspeaker cone. like a drum skin vibrating back and forth, the moving cone pumps sounds out into the air.in this way loudspeakers works.