Scotland Corporation had net income for 2018 of $ 77 comma 000. Scotland had 13 comma 000 shares of common stock outstanding at the beginning of the year and 26 comma 000 shares of common stock outstanding at the end of the year. There were 11 comma 000 shares of preferred stock outstanding all year. During 2018, Scotland declared and paid preferred dividends of $ 22 comma 000. What is Scotland's earnings per share? (Round the answer to two decimal places.)

Fortress international, a large conglomerate, procures a few component parts from external suppliers and also manufactures some of the key raw materials in its own subsidiaries. aside from this, the company does not solely depend on outside distributors to reach its customers. in fact, it has its own retail stores to distribute its products. in this scenario, which of the following alternatives to vertical integration is fortress international applying? a. concentric integration b. taper integration c. horizontal integration d. conglomerate integration