Early in 20x3, Shifter, Inc. wrote put options for 1,000 shares of its common stock. Purchasers of the options can sell Shifter stock back to Shifter for $20 per share on 12/31/x3. The estimated fair value of each option is $2 at the time of sale. At 12/31/x3, the share price is $15 and the options are exercised. As a result, Shifter:

Zara, a global retail and apparel manufacturer based in spain that has successfully implemented this idea by having a continuous flow of new products that are typically limited in supply. zara has created a system that draws its clientèle into its stores, on average, 17 times per year as compared to 4 times per year for most stores. how is zara using it to gain competitive advantage? what specific technologies are used by zara to maintain this advantage over its competition?