Notice that real GDP trends upward over time but experiences ups and downs in the short run. A period of declining real GDP, such as the blue-shaded period in 1953, is known as .

One important outcome of edwin james' expedition reports is thata illustrations of bison encouraged americans to hunt them to near extinctionb accounts of rich, fertile soil encouraged americans to settle the landcdescriptions of inhospitable land discouraged colonization for many yearsd. depictions of hostile native tribes discouraged colonization for many years