The most recent financial statements for Assouad, Inc., are shown here: Income Statement Balance Sheet Sales $ 7,900 Current assets $ 3,900 Current liabilities $ 2,100 Costs 5,500 Fixed assets 8,600 Long-term debt 3,700 Taxable income $ 2,400 Equity 6,700 Taxes (25%) 600 Total $ 12,500 Total $ 12,500 Net income $ 1,800 Assets, costs, and current liabilities are proportional to sales. Long-term debt and equity are not. The company maintains a constant 40 percent dividend payout ratio. As with every other firm in its industry, next year’s sales are projected to increase by exactly 15 percent. What is the external financing needed? (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to 2 decimal places, e. g., 32.16.)

Wo firms, a and b, each currently dump 50 tons of chemicals into the local river. the government has decided to reduce the pollution and from now on will require a pollution permit for each ton of pollution dumped into the river. it costs firm a $100 for each ton of pollution that it eliminates before it reaches the river, and it costs firm b $50 for each ton of pollution that it eliminates before it reaches the river. the government gives each firm 20 pollution permits. government officials are not sure whether to allow the firms to buy or sell the pollution permits to each other. what is the total cost of reducing pollution if firms are not allowed to buy and sell pollution permits from each other? what is the total cost of reducing pollution if the firms are allowed to buy and sell permits from each other? a. $3,000; $1,500 b. $4,500; $3,500 c. $4,500; $4,000 d. $4,500; $2,500