In calculating the unemployment rate, "discouraged" workers who are not actively seeking employment are:a. Excluded from the labor forceb. Included as part of the unemployedc. Treated the same as part-time workersd. Used to determine the size of the labor force

a. Excluded from the labor force

Explanation:

Labor force comprises people in active employment or those not employed but as actively seeking work.  Active employment consists of employed, self-employed, and those engaged in economic activities for a profit. Unemployed are the jobless people actively seeking for work. Students, retired people, children, the aged, and those not working and not seeking work are not part of  the labor force.

Discourage workers are a group of jobless workers who have given up the search for jobs. They are workers who, after failing to secure a job, have given-up; hence they are no-longer searching. Discouraged workers are not part of the labor force as they are not actively seeking work.

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