The following is a list of eight waste activities found at a furniture manufacturing plant. Classify each one as a type of waste as represented by the acronym DOWNTIME (Defects, Overproduction, Waiting, Not utilizing people to their full potential, Transportation, Inventory, Movement, and Excess processing). a. The plant manager makes all decisions in the plant; employees follow directions. ▼ b. Furniture is shipped fully assembled to customers, incurring extra shipping costs because of the additional bulk. c. Employees must search for tools at the beginning of each work shift since there is no standard storage spot for each tool. d. Because the drill press is broken, the furniture assembly workers cannot do any work until it is fixed.

James river jewelry is a small jewelry shop. while james river jewelry does sell typical jewelry purchased from jewelry vendors, including such items as rings, necklaces, earrings, and watches, it specializes in hard-to-find asian jewelry. although some asian jewelry is manufactured jewelry purchased from vendors in the same manner as the standard jewelry is obtained, many of the asian jewelry pieces are often unique single items purchased directly from the artisan who created the piece (the term manufactured would be an inappropriate description of these pieces). james river jewelry has a small but loyal clientele, and it wants to further increase customer loyalty by creating a frequent buyer program. in this program, after every 10 purchases, a customer will receive a credit equal to 50 percent of the average of his or her 10 most recent purchases. this credit must be applied to the next (or 11th) purchase.