When a firm provides a specialized product or service for a narrow target market better than competitors, they are using a strategy.
a. market niche
b. mass customization
c. product differentiation
d. process efficiency
e. market transparency

Torino company has 1,300 shares of $50 par value, 6.0% cumulative and nonparticipating preferred stock and 13,000 shares of $10 par value common stock outstanding. the company paid total cash dividends of $3,500 in its first year of operation. the cash dividend that must be paid to preferred stockholders in the second year before any dividend is paid to common stockholders is:

Presented below is a list of possible transactions. analyze the effect of the 18 transactions on the financial statement categories indicated. transactions assets liabilities owners’ equity net income 1. purchased inventory for $80,000 on account (assume perpetual system is used). 2. issued an $80,000 note payable in payment on account (see item 1 above). 3. recorded accrued interest on the note from item 2 above. 4. borrowed $100,000 from the bank by signing a 6-month, $112,000, zero-interest-bearing note. 5. recognized 4 months’ interest expense on the note from item 4 above. 6. recorded cash sales of $75,260, which includes 6% sales tax. 7. recorded wage expense of $35,000. the cash paid was $25,000; the difference was due to various amounts withheld. 8. recorded employer’s payroll taxes. 9. accrued accumulated vacation pay. 10. recorded an asset retirement obligation. 11. recorded bonuses due to employees. 12. recorded a contingent loss on a lawsuit that the company will probably lose. 13. accrued warranty expense (assume expense warranty approach). 14. paid warranty costs that were accrued in item 13 above. 15. recorded sales of product and related service-type warranties. 16. paid warranty costs under contracts from item 15 above. 17. recognized warranty revenue (see item 15 above). 18. recorded estimated liability for premium claims outstanding.

In the united states, one worker can produce 10 tons of steel per day or 20 tons of chemicals per day. in the united kingdom, one worker can produce 5 tons of steel per day or 15 tons of chemicals per day. the united kingdom has a comparative advantage in the production of: