Morgan Sondgeroth Inc. began operations in January 2018 and reported the following results for each of its 3 years of operations. 2018 $260,000 net loss 2019 $40,000 net loss 2020 $800,000 net income At December 31, 2020, Morgan Sondgeroth Inc. capital accounts were as follows. 8% cumulative preferred stock, par value $100; authorized, issued, and outstanding 5,000 shares $500,000 Common stock, par value $1.00; authorized 1,000,000 shares; issued and outstanding 750,000 shares $750,000 Morgan Sondgeroth Inc. has never paid a cash or stock dividend. There has been no change in the capital accounts since Sondgeroth began operations. The state law permits dividends only from retained earnings. Instructions a. Compute the book value of the common stock at December 31, 2020. b. Compute the book value of the common stock at December 31, 2020, assuming that the preferred stock has a liquidating value of $106 per share.

Part A) Book Value = $1,080,000

Part B) Book Value = $1,050,000

Explanation:

Part 1: To compute the book value of the common stock at December 31, 2020

To do this, we consider both the preferred and common stock values as follows:

Stockholder's equity:

Preferred Stock = $500,000

Common stock = $750,000

Retained earnings: To calculate retained earnings we need to deduct dividends in arrears to prefered stock holders and then ascribe the remaining value to retained earnings.

Dividend in Arrears= 3 years @ 8% interest per year

= 500,000 x 0.08 x 3= $120,000

Remaining earnings for available to common share holders

= Retained earnings balance- dividend paid to prferred stock holders.

=$800,000 (net income for 2020)- $40,000 (net loss for 2019) - $260,000 (net loss for 2018)

= $800,000-$40,000-$260,000

= $500,000 - Dividend in arrears

= $500,000- $120,000

= $380,000

Book Value of Stockholders' equity

Common Stock equity + Balance of retained earnings

= $700,000 + $380,000

= $1,080,000

The book value per share = $1,080,000/ outstanding shares

= $1,080,000/750,000= $1.44

Part 2: To compute the book value of the common stock at December 31, 2020 Preference stock has liquidating value of $106 per share

Stockholder's equity:

Preferred Stock = $500,000

Preferred stock liquidating premium = (106-100) x 5000

= $6 x 5000= $30,000

Common stock = $750,000

Retained earnings: To calculate retained earnings we need to deduct dividends in arrears to prefered stock holders and then ascribe the remaining value to retained earnings.

Dividend in Arrears= 3 years @ 8% interest per year

= 500,000 x 0.08 x 3= $120,000

Remaining earnings for available to common share holders

= Retained earnings balance- net losses from previous years - dividend paid to prferred stock holders - liquadating premium to preferred stock

=$800,000 (net income for 2020)- $40,000 (net loss for 2019) - $260,000 (net loss for 2018)

= $800,000-$40,000-$260,000

= $500,000 - Dividend in arrears - liquidating

= $500,000- $120,000- $30,000

= $350,000

Book Value of Stockholders' equity

Common Stock equity + Balance of retained earnings

= $700,000 + $350,000

= $1,050,000

The book value per share = $1,080,000/ outstanding shares

= $1,050,000/750,000= $1.4

you have to put the parentheses like this:

in fact, you have to perform the operation inside parentheses first, and then proceed in order: