Managers feel confident that they can understand, predict, and react to the external forces affecting their businesses when:.
a. environmental change is extensive.
b. environmental complexity is high.
c. the industry is not at an equilibrium state.
d. resource scarcity is low.

D. Resource scarcity is low

Explanation:

When environmental changes and complexities are at low levels ( that is, like technological changes, law, politics, conpetition, trends etc.) and also resource scarcity is low (which means resources are in abundance or plentiful), managers becomes more confident that they can understand, predict, and react to the external forces affecting their businesses.

Low resource scarcity is makes managers very confident because they have available more resources to undergo their production processes.

step 1: create a plan

step 2: inventory facility equipment/assets

step 3: create preventive maintenance procedures

step 4: create preventive maintenance schedules

step 5: train your maintenanceteam

step 6: analyze – adjust - improve

or

step 1 – pm procedure design: doing the effective things

step 2 – pm procedure scheduling: efficient use of people and resources

step 3 – pm lubrication engineering

step 4 – pm training: back on the chain gang

step 5 – pm program management plan

step 6 – communicate, communicate, communicate

e would be the answer