Assume a firm's resources and capabilities are costly to imitate. This is because rival companies do not clearly understand the relationship between the resources and capabilities controlled by the firm. In this case, the firm's competitive advantage is protected against imitation by

Causal ambiguity.

Explanation:

Causal ambiguity occurs when a firm's product or services is hard to imitate because it is impossible for competitors to relate effects to an initial action.

This could also arise of a large number of competencies interact in a complex way to give performance.

For example when it is not clear if a firm's success is as a result of the competence of its management or just by sheer luck.

muslims control the north africa during the period of 1500 up

to 1800. they made a barrier to prevent further european exploration from

entering the africa from the north. however, the dutch ware still able to move

toward the interior with having south africa as one of the routes leading to

the east for trading with asia.

answer; break-even analysis;