Governments often adopt certain policies in order to promote desired behavior among their citizens. for the following policy, determine what the incentive is and what behavior the government wishes to promote? why do you think that the government might wish to change people’s behavior rather than allow their actions to be solely determined by individual choice?
a) the government imposes a tax on the amount of air pollution that a company discharges.
b) a tax of $5 per pack is imposed on cigarettes. c) the government pays parents $100 when their child is vaccinated for measles. d) the government pays college students to tutor children from low-income families.

Kendra knight took part in a friendly game of touch football. she had played before and was familiar with football. michael jewett was on her team. in the course of play, michael bumped into kendra and knocked her to the ground. he stepped on her hand, causing injury to a little finger that later required its amputation. she sued michael for damages. he defended on the ground that she had assumed the risk. kendra claimed that assumption of risk could not be raised as a defense because the state legislature had adopted the standard of comparative negligence. what happens if contributory negligence applies? what happens if the defense of comparative negligence applies?