In economics, the term marginal refers to which of the following?

a. man-made resources as opposed to natural resources.
b. the satisfaction a consumer receives from a good.
c. holding everything else constant in the analysis.
d. the change or difference between two alternatives.

Which of the following mechanisms would be most likely to motivate managers to act in the best interests of shareholders? a) decrease the use of restrictive covenants in bond agreements, b) take actions that reduce the possibility of a hostile takeover, c) elect a board of directors that allows managers greater freedom of action, d) increase the proportion of executive compensation that comes from stock options and reduce the proportion that is paid as cash salaries, e) eliminate a requirement that members of the board directors have a substantial investment in the firm's stocks

Mr. smith recently faced a choice between being (a) an economics profes-sor, which pays $60,000/yr, or (b) a safari leader, which pays $50,000/yr. after careful deliberation, smith took the safari job, but it was a close call. "for a dollar more," he said, "i'd have gone the other way."now smith's brother-in-law approaches him with a business proposition. the terms are as follows: - smith must resign his safari job to work full-time in his brother-in-law's business.- smith must give his brother-in-law an interest-free loan of $100,000, which will be repaid in full if and when smith leaves the business. (smith currently has much more than $100,000 in the the business will pay smith a salary of $70,000/yr. he will receive no other payment from the business.the interest rate is 10 percent per year. apart from salary considerations, smith feels that working in the business would be just as enjoyable as being an economics professor. for simplicity, assume there is no uncertainty regarding either smith's salary in the proposed business or the security of his monetary investment in it. should smith join his brother-in-law and, if so, how small would smith's salary from the business have to be to make it not worthwhile for him to join? if not, how large would smith's salary from the business have to be to make it worthwhile for him to join?

Cool beans is a locally owned coffee shop that competes with two large coffee chains, planeteuro and frothies. alicia, the owner, hired two students to count the number of customers that entered each of the coffee shops to estimate what percent of people who are interested in coffee are visiting each shop. after a week, the students found the following results: 589 visited cool beans, 839 visited planeteuro, and 1,290 visited frothies. the students were surprised that cool beans had 139 visits on monday which represented 59% of all people who visited one of the three coffee shops on mondays. how many people visited one of the three coffee shops during the week?