Suppose that an anti-smoking campaign in moscow, russia, is successful so that muscovites smoke less and chew gum more. tobacco companies lay off workers, while chewing gum manufacturers employ more workers. this is an example of

disruption

Explanation: Disruption takes a left turn by literally uprooting and changing how we think, behave, do business, learn and go about our day-to-day. Harvard Business School professor and disruption guru Clayton Christensen says that a disruption displaces an existing market, industry, or technology and produces something new and more efficient and worthwhile. It is at once destructive and creative.

they work in some type of way

answer; no individual buyer or seller has any significant impact on the market price;