If there is a recessionary gap in the short run, the federal reserve can eliminate the gap in the short run by undertaking a policy action that raises aggregate demand. but, if federal reserve chooses not to close the gap in the short run, the economy will eventually get back to full employment in the long run. because when there is a recessionary gap in the short run, then in the long run a new equilibrium will arise as input prices and expectations adjust downward, causing the aggregate supply to shift downward and to the right and pushing equilibrium real gdp back to its long-run potential value.
a. a monetary policy action that could eliminate a recessionary gap in the short run is an open market sale of government securities a decrease in the required reserve ratio a decrease in taxes .
b. if fed implements the short run monetary policy option instead of simply waiting for the long -run adjustments to take place, then it

D. harms the society by interfering with the economy's natural process.

Explanation:

In order to get out of recession, the fed should reduce the tax rates, which would in return lead to higher disposable income of the consumers, and then there will be an increase in the demand.

On the other hand the sale of bonds would even further increase the recession, as there will be more cash crunch in the economy. A decrease in reserve ratio will be a long time taking solution, so it would not provide an immediate solution.

MCQ

But, if the fed interferes with the short run equilibrium in the hope of giving short run benefits, it will hamper the economy's natural process to attain a new equilibrium as discussed in the paragraph above. Hence, option D is the correct answer

Option A and C are incorrect, because, employment is not much affected with lowering of income tax. On, the other hand, inflation levels rise, when there is a cut in income tax, as it gives more currency in the economy, hence even C is incorrect.

sound is invisible, but sometimes we can feel it. when a kettle-drum is thumped with a stick that time the tight drum skin moving up and down very quickly for some time and then it pumped sound waves into the air. loudspeakers also work in a similar manner.

components of a speaker:

electromagnet

in order to translate an electrical signal into an audible sound, an electromagnet is used in looudspeakers

  suspension

suspension is used to   center the voice coil in the gap of the magnet and it exerts a restoring force to keep it there. suspension is used to limits the maximum mechanical excursion of the diaphragm and voice coil.

voice coil

voice coil is a coil of wire which is attached to the apex of a loudspeaker cone. it provides the motive force to the cone by the reaction of a magnetic field to the current passing through it.

cone

in a   loudspeaker, a   thin, semi-rigid membrane attached to the voice coil, which moves in a magnetic gap due to which it vibrates   and produced sound. it is known as diaphragm and it can also be called a cone, though not all speaker diaphragms are cone-shaped.

surround

surround is also known as front suspension. surround is used to join the cone to the chassis. together with the suspension it controls the cone excursion, and it is also used to   determine how energy which is   travelling through the cone is absorbed, and how the speaker limits when it reaches the ends of its travel.

dustcap

dustcap is used to protect the voice coil from dust and dirt. it is a part of the cone.

how speaker work

the outer part of the cone is fastened to the outer part of the loudspeaker's circular metal rim. the inner part is fixed to   voice coil that sits just in front of a permanent magnet . when loudspeaker is hooked up to a stereo, electrical signals feed through the speaker cables into the coil. it will convert the coil into an electromagnet magnet . when electricity flows back and forth in the cables, the electromagnet either repels or attract the permanent magnet. this moves the coil back and forth, and it pull and push the loudspeaker cone. like a drum skin vibrating back and forth, the moving cone pumps sounds out into the air.in this way loudspeakers works.