Upper management of a clothing store in the mall has decided that a good way to motivate employees is to consult with them about ways to bring in more customers. a memo is sent to store managers asking them to encourage participation from all employees. one store manager has hired five new employees who just graduated from high school and are working the three summer months before leaving for college. the manager scrutinizes and directs them in every detail of their job. each time they make a mistake they are reprimanded, told their pay may be docked, and reminded that there are always other people who will gladly take their place. this manager decides he will forward his suggestions to management but not ask his workers for suggestions. what approach is upper management using, as opposed to the store manager?