Beacon industries disclosed the following minimum rental commitments under non-cancelable operating leases in its 2017 annual report: minimum operating lease payments amount (in millions) 2018 $ 89 2019 58 2020 42 2021 32 2022 25 total $246 what is the present value of these operating lease payments, assuming a 6% discount rate?

a. $246 million
b. $215 million
c. $ 70 million
d. $225 million
e. none of the above

4. understanding different policy options to correct for negative externalities carbon dioxide emissions have been linked to global warming. the following table lists some possible public policies aimed at reducing the amount of carbon dioxide in the air. for each policy listed, identify whether it is a command-and-control policy (regulation), tradable permit system, corrective subsidy, or corrective tax. public policy command-and-control policy tradable permit system corrective subsidy corrective tax the government charges factories $110 for every ton of carbon dioxide they emit. the government orders every factory to adopt a new technology, which reduces carbon-dioxide emissions into the atmosphere. trees take carbon dioxide out of the air and convert it to oxygen, so the government funds a tree-planting initiative by offering $110 to any citizen who plants a tree. the government limits total carbon-dioxide emissions by all factories to 180,000 tons per month. each individual factory is given the right to emit 140 tons of carbon dioxide, and factories may buy and sell these rights in a marketplace.