Fred and lucy are married, ages 33 and 32, and together have agi of $120,000 in 2019. they have four dependents and file a joint return. they pay $5,000 for a high deductible health insurance policy and contribute $2,600 to a qualified health savings account. during the year, they paid the following amounts for medical care: $9,200 in doctor and dentist bills and hospital expenses, and $3,000 for prescribed medicine and drugs. in october 2019, they received an insurance reimbursement of $4,400 for the hospitalization. they expect to receive an additional reimbursement of $1,000 in january 2020. determine the maximum itemized deduction allowable for medical expenses in 2019.

Consider how health insurance affects the quantity of health care services performed. suppose that the typical medical procedure has a cost of $160, yet a person with health insurance pays only $40 out of pocket. her insurance company pays the remaining $120. (the insurance company recoups the $120 through premiums, but the premium a person pays does not depend on how many procedures that person chooses to undergo.) consider the following demand curve in the market for medical care. use the black point (plus symbol) to indicate the quantity of procedures demanded if each procedure has a price of $160. then use the grey point (star symbol) to indicate the quantity of procedures demanded if each procedure has a price of $40. q d at p=$160 q d at p=$40 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 price of medical procedures quantity of medical procedures demand if the cost of each procedure to society is truly $160, the quantity that maximizes total surplus is procedures. economists often blame the health insurance system for excessive use of medical care. given your analysis, the use of care might be viewed as excessive because consumers get procedures whose value is than the cost of producing them.

Sailcloth & more currently produces boat sails and is considering expanding its operations to include awnings for homes and travel trailers. the company owns land beside its current manufacturing facility that could be used for the expansion. the company bought this land 5 years ago at a cost of $319,000. at the time of purchase, the company paid $24,000 to level out the land so it would be suitable for future use. today, the land is valued at $295,000. the company has some unused equipment that it currently owns valued at $38,000. this equipment could be used for producing awnings if $12,000 is spent for equipment modifications. other equipment costing $490,000 will also be required. what is the amount of the initial cash flow for this expansion project?

Suppose you manage an upscale restaurant in new york city. would involve writing employee schedules and a list of things to do for the chef and other kitchen staff