James reported to the board of directors that it would be unlikely for them to expand the manufacturing facility in brussels, belgium to a 24-hour day facility because there was an unwritten rule that the workday must end at 5: 00 p. m. this time restriction is likely an example of a

Foreign uncontrollable  environmental  elements

Explanation:

The unwritten rule is a foreign uncontrollable environmental element that affects the cultural environment of the factory. As a manager, James cannot control or influence this type of events or circumstances, and instead must adapt his facility's operations.

answer; management is about coping complexity and leadership is about coping with change; i believe this is correct; ///good luck                                          

(b) management: leadership

the correct answer is d. wealthy colonists to take care of the less fortunate. hope this