Research studies indicate that:
a) u. s. producers gain more from tariffs than u. s. consumers lose.
b) the costs of trade restrictions are proportionately higher for high-income groups than for low-income groups.
c) the revenue from tariffs equals the total cost that tariffs impose on consumers.
d) u. s. consumers lose more from tariffs than u. s. producers gain.

With signals from no-claim bonuses and deductibles, a. the marginal cost curve for careful drivers lies to the left of the marginal cost curve for aggressive drivers b. auto insurance companies insure more aggressive drivers than careful drivers because aggressive drivers have a greater need for the insurance c. the market for car insurance has a separating equilibrium, and the market is efficient d. most drivers pay higher premiums than if the market had no signals