When a principal falsely leads a third party to believe that another individual serves as his or her agent, the principal has created agency by:

Estoppel

Explanation:

An agency is created between two parties when one party, with consent of the other party assign a third party to act on his behalf under his control. This third party is called a agent.

Under agency by estoppel, if the principal (who appoints agent to undertake task) assigns a third party, instead of agent, to carry out a task. It is called an agency by estoppel. The principal cannot deny later that he had assigned the work to a third party.

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