Case a. kapono farms exchanged an old tractor for a newer model. the old tractor had a book value of $18,500 (original cost of $41,000 less accumulated depreciation of $22,500) and a fair value of $10,300. kapono paid $33,000 cash to complete the exchange. the exchange has commercial substance. required: 1.1 what is the amount of gain or loss that kapono would recognize on the exchange? 1.2 what is the initial value of the new tractor? assume the fair value of the old tractor is $27,000 instead of $10,300. 2.1 what is the amount of gain or loss that kapono would recognize on the exchange? 2.2 what is the initial value of the new tractor? case b. kapono farms exchanged 100 acres of farmland for similar land. the farmland given had a book value of $565,000 and a fair value of $830,000. kapono paid $63,000 cash to complete the exchange. the exchange has commercial substance. required: 1.1 what is the amount of gain or loss that kapono would recognize on the exchange? 1.2 what is the initial value of the new land? assume the fair value of the farmland given is $452,000 instead of $830,000. 2.1 what is the amount of gain or loss that kapono would recognize on the exchange? 2.2 what is the initial value of the new land? repeat requirement 1 of case b, assuming that the exchange lacked commercial substance. 3.1 what is the amount of gain or loss that kapono would recognize on the exchange? 3.2 what is the initial value of the new land?

1. revising for conciseness - eliminating flabby expressions,limiting long lead-ins, and dropping unnecessary fillerstime is money in any business environment. people want information communicated quickly and clearly. to make your writing more concise and understandable, avoid flabby expressions, long lead-ins, and unnecessary fillers. your audience will appreciate your brevity.1. if your writing contains a flabby expression like in view of the fact that, replace it with the word because / although / probably .for each of the following two sentences, choose the best revision.2. i am sending you this letter to inform you that we have experienced an unexpected surprise within our expense sheet, but we are positively certain we will solve it.1) we need to inform you that we have experienced an unexpected surprise with our expense sheet, but we are midway to an end result.2) we have identified a problem with our expense sheet, but we will solve it.3) i am sending you this letter to inform you that we have a problem with our expense sheet, but we are positively certain we have a solution.3. it is the user who should contact the center.1) everyone knows that it is the user who should contact the center.2) the user should contact the center.3) if there is a problem, the user should contact the center.read the following passage, and then answer the question.[1] you scheduled seven conference calls for this morning between 10 and 11 a.m. [2] generally, the company limits the number of conference calls to three per hour. [3] i’m letting you know that in the future, we should be more careful about scheduling.4. which revision limits the long lead-in in sentence 3? 1) in the future, we should be more careful about scheduling.2) i’m letting you know so that in the future we are more careful about scheduling calls.3) so that you know in the future, we should be more careful about scheduling.