Aapproach is found frequently among companies with strong engineering orientations, pharmaceutical and biomedical firms, financial services, and many high-technology companies.
a. bottom-up
b. top-down
c. upward

d. downward

Option B

Explanation: In simple words, top down approach refers to the approach ion which the organisation break down its system to have better and clear understanding of the sub systems within.

This approach is used by organisations doing complex business activities or involving high technical skills. Hence this approach is used by firms like biomedical ,financial services and high technology companies etc.

metallurgy is your answer

the "study of metals and the process of refining ("

note that it says metal. metallurgy has the word "metal" in it, and so is most likely your answer (and is your answer).

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