James, a student of economics, argues that high-income countries benefit because the poor countries provide cheap labor and are subjected to exploitation by the rich nations as they are not powerful enough to protest. which of the following theories supports james's opinion?

a) symbolic interaction theory
b) feminist theory
c) modernization theory
d) dependency theory
e) queer theory

Penny poodle wanted to know which dog obedience training program was more effective: puppy pride, the approach she has been using for any years, or doggie do-right, a new approach. penny convinced 50 human companions of untrained dogs to participate in her study. the dogs and their humans were randomly assigned to complete the puppy pride or doggie do-right course. at the end of the training programs, all of the dogs were scored on their level of obedience on a standardized dog obedience checklist (scores could range from 10 to 100). the design of this study is: