Use the state-level data on murder rates and executions in murder. raw for the following exercise. (a) consider the unobserved effects model = + + + + where simply denotes different year intercepts and ai is the unobserved state effect. if past executions of convicted murderers have a deterrent effect, what should be the sign of ? what sign do you think should have? explain.

The lee family is looking to buy a house in one of two suburban areas just outside of a major city, and air quality is a top priority for them. overall air quality is calculated by taking measures in 100 locations within each suburb and then calculating a measure of central tendency. in one suburb, there is a major bus station that creates very poor air quality at its location but has no impact in the surrounding parts of the suburb. in this situation, which measure of overall suburb air quality would be most useful?

Six years ago, an 80-kw diesel electric set cost $160,000. the cost index for this class of equipment six years ago was 187 and is now 194. the cost-capacity factor is 0.6. the plant engineering staff is considering a 120-kw unit of the same general design to power a small isolated plant. assume we want to add a precompressor, which (when isolated and estimated separately) currently costs $13291. determine the total cost of the 120-kw unit. (hint: skip $ and comma symbols)

Happy foods and general grains both produce similar puffed rice breakfast cereals. for both companies, thecost of producing a box of cereal is 45 cents, and it is not possible for either company to lower their productioncosts any further. how can one company achieve a competitive advantage over the other?