Which of the following is an example of vertical integration?

a. purchasing competitors

b. purchasing suppliers

c. informally agreeing on prices

d. buying stock in competing companies

Madeline quits her job, at which she was earning $20,000 per year. she then takes $50,000 out of savings, on which she was earning 10% interest, and uses it to buy supplies for her business. she also pays $10,000 in rent on the building and $15,000 in additional labor costs. in her first year of operations, madeline receives $150,000 in revenue from sales. instructions: round each answer to a whole number. madeline's accounting cost is