Under its executive stock option plan, m corporation granted options on january 1, 2018, that permit executives to purchase 15 million of the company's $1 par common shares within the next eight years, but not before december 31, 2020 (the vesting date). the exercise price is the market price of the shares on the date of grant, $18 per share. the fair value of the options, estimated by an appropriate option pricing model, is $4 per option. no forfeitures were anticipated; however, unexpected turnover during 2019 caused the forfeiture of 5% of the stock options. ignoring taxes, what is the effect on earnings in 2019?
a. $18.5 million.
b. $19 million.
c. $20 million.
d. $18 million

Goals that are overly ambitious can discourage employees and decrease motivation, yet the idea of stretch goals is proposed as a way to get people fired up and motivated. as a manager, how might you decide where to draw the line between a “good” stretch goal and a “bad” one that is unrealistic?

Long-distance providers are becoming increasingly concerned about certain activities within their industry. various companies come together voluntarily to implement new standards of social responsibility that members must abide by. what seems to be the primary motivation in this case for an increased interest in social responsibility? - because corporations are creations of society, they are responsible for giving back to the communities in which they operate.- these companies have realized it is in their best interest to increase their social responsibility before they are once again subject to stricter regulations.- these companies are using social responsibility as a means to increase their profitability, both short term and long term.- long-distance providers have started taking pride in their industry and its record for social responsibility.- they feel a responsibility to their stockholders, employees, the government, investors, and society as a whole.

Prior to its closing, income summary had total debits of $1,190,500 and total credits of $1,476,300. what purpose is served by the income summary account and what is the nature of the entries that resulted in the $1,190,500 and the $1,476,300? the income summary account is used to the accounts. the $1,190,500 represents the , and the $1,476,300 represents . the company had of $ .