Which of the following is the first step in kotter's eight-step plan for implementing change? a) create a new vision to direct the change and strategies for achieving the vision. b) establish a sense of urgency by creating a compelling reason for why change is needed. c) plan for, create, and reward short-term "wins" that move the organization toward the new vision. d) form a coalition with enough power to lead the change. e) communicate the vision throughout the organization

The correct answer is letter "B": Establish a sense of urgency by creating a compelling reason for why change is needed.

Explanation:

American educator John Kotter (born in 1947) in his book "Leading Change" (2011) proposed an eight-step method to generate change within an organization. The first of them is to Create Urgency, where potential risks are identified, and scenarios that illustrate what might happen in the future are created. Also, honest discussions are carried out to offer diverse and compelling reasons of why the change is needed.

cognitive overload: having a lot on your mind impairs decision-making and tends to result in the simplest, but not necessarily best, option being selected.

empathy gaps: overlooking how you might feel in a different situation can result in unnecessary purchases, such as overbuying when shopping for food on an empty stomach.

optimism and overconfidence: wearing rose-tinted glasses and having unrealistic expectations about the future can affect money management and leave you unprepared for a change in circumstance.

instant gratification: seeking instant gratification drives impulsive spending and can undermine long-term planning and savings.

harmful habits: automatic or mindless behaviour can amplify a poor financial decision as it becomes a recurring event.

social norms: we are heavily influenced by the actions of others; while this can be in certain circumstances, it also contributes to the pressure to keep up with the joneses through conspicuous consumption.

the correct answer is - no.

winnipeg, canada, is not further away from the equator than moscow, russia, in fact moscow is the city that is further away from the equator. moscow is on a latitude of 55.7558° north, while winnipeg is on a latitude of 49.8951° north, thus putting moscow by 5.8607° further away from the equator than winnipeg is.