Art's at-risk amount in a passive activity was $60,000 at the beginning of 2015. his loss from the activity in 2015 is $80,000, and he had no passive activity income during the year. art had $20,000 of passive activity income from the activity in 2016. under the passive activity loss rules, art's suspended loss at the end of 2016 is:
a. $15,000.
b. $20,000.
c. $45,000.
d. $60,000.
e. none of the above.

Over the past decade, brands that were once available only to the wealthy have created more affordable product extensions, giving a far broader range of consumers a taste of the good life. jaguar, for instance, launched its x-type sedan, which starts at $30,000 and is meant for the "almost rich" consumer who aspires to live in luxury. by marketing to people who desire a luxurious lifestyle, jaguar is using:

Which of the following is likely not a benefit of requiring a grand jury to listen to and examine all of the evidence against a person suspected of committing a serious crime and then independently deciding whether or not to hand down an indictment? 1.the grand jury system provides the accused another safeguard against being sent to trial and facing conviction based on flawed evidence. 2.the members of the grand jury are drawn from the community and are empowered to render independent decisions about whether or not the government has collected enough evidence to bring an individual to trial. 3.the grand jury’s decision can provide prosecutors insight into what is necessary to build a sufficient case if a similar crime is presented later. 4.the grand jury is impaneled to rubber-stamp prosecutors’ cases, which makes it possible for more cases to reach trial.

After testing its water, a city water department issues a report to the related citizens, noting what chemicals have been identified, their doses, and the estimated risks of exposure at these levels. this report represents a type of