In the circular flow of expenditure and income, why must the total value of production in an economy equal the total value of income?
a. domestic expenditures on imports generally equal foreign expenditures on u. s. exports.
b. people tend to spend all of their income on goods and services.
c. every penny spent on a good or service must end up as someone's income.
d. taxes on the production of goods and services are determined according to individual income.

How will firms solve the problem of an economic surplus a. decrease prices to the market equilibrium price b. decrease prices so they are below the market equilibrium price c.increase prices

You decide to invest in a portfolio consisting of 25 percent stock a, 25 percent stock b, and the remainder in stock c. based on the following information, what is the expected return of your portfolio? state of economy probability of state return if state occurs of economy stock a stock b stock c recession .16 - 16.4 % - 2.7 % - 21.6 % normal .55 12.6 % 7.3 % 15.9 % boom .29 26.2 % 14.6 % 30.5 %

Fanning company is considering the addition of a new product to its cosmetics line. the company has three distinctly different options: a skin cream, a bath oil, or a hair coloring gel. relevant information and budgeted annual income statements for each of the products follow. skin cream bath oil color gel budgeted sales in units (a) 110,000 190,000 70,000 expected sales price (b) $8 $4 $11 variable costs per unit (c) $2 $2 $7 income statements sales revenue (a × b) $880,000 $760,000 $770,000 variable costs (a × c) (220,000) (380,000) (490,000) contribution margin 660,000 380,000 280,000 fixed costs (432,000) (240,000) (76,000) net income $228,000 $140,000 $204,000 required: (a) determine the margin of safety as a percentage for each product. (b) prepare revised income statements for each product, assuming a 20 percent increase in the budgeted sales volume. (c) for each product, determine the percentage change in net income that results from the 20 percent increase in sales. (d) assuming that management is pessimistic and risk averse, which product should the company add to its cosmetics line? (e) assuming that management is optimistic and risk aggressive, which product should the company add to its cosmetics line?