Freda is a cash basis taxpayer. in 2019, she negotiated her salary for 2020. her employer offered to pay her $21,000 per month in 2020 for a total of $252,000. freda countered that she would accept $10,000 each month for the 12 months in 2020 and the remaining $132,000 in january 2021. the employer accepted freda’s terms for 2020 and 2021. a. did freda actually or constructively receive $252,000 in 2020? b. what could explain freda’s willingness to spread her salary over a longer period of time? c. in december 2020, after freda had earned the right to collect the $132,000 in 2020, the employer offered $133,000 to freda at that time, rather than $132,00

Aprice ceiling is “binding” if the price ceiling is set below the equilibrium price. suppose that the equilibrium price is $5. if a price ceiling is set at $6, this will not affect the market in any way since $5 remains a legally allowable price (since $5 < $6). a price ceiling of $6 is called a “non-binding” price ceiling. on the other hand, if the price ceiling is set at $4, the price ceiling is “binding” because the natural equilibrium price is $5 but that is no longer allowed. what happens when there is a binding price ceiling? at a price below the equilibrium price, quantity demanded exceeds quantity supplied. there is a shortage. normally, price increases eliminate shortages by increasing quantity supplied and decreasing quantity demanded. in this case, however, price increases are not allowed past the price ceiling. we therefore predict that the observed market price will be right at the price ceiling and there will be a permanent shortage. the observed quantity bought and sold will be dictated by the quantity supplied at the price ceiling. although consumers would like to buy more, there are no more units for sale

Evaluate a real situation between two economic actors; it could be any scenario: two competing businesses, two countries in negotiations, two kids trading baseball cards, you and another person involved in an exchange or anything else. use game theory to analyze the situation and the outcome (or potential outcome). be sure to explain the incentives, benefits and risks each face.

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