Cheizza, a pizza vendor in the country of wisbane, believes that the taste of fresh cheese in its pizzas is its unique selling point. however, recently there has been a rise in the number of pizza vendors in wisbane who have also started using fresh cheese to prepare their pizzas. this has led to a drastic increase in the demand for cheese. however, the amount of milk produced in the country is insufficient to meet the increased demand for cheese. in the context of changing environments, which of the following does this scenario best illustrate?
a. resource scarcity.
b. buyer dependence.
c. discontinuous change.
d. punctuated equilibrium.

John and daphne are saving for their daughter ellen's college education. ellen just turned 10 at (t = 0), and she will be entering college 8 years from now (at t = 8). college tuition and expenses at state u. are currently $14,500 a year, but they are expected to increase at a rate of 3.5% a year. ellen should graduate in 4 years--if she takes longer or wants to go to graduate school, she will be on her own. tuition and other costs will be due at the beginning of each school year (at t = 8, 9, 10, and 11).so far, john and daphne have accumulated $15,000 in their college savings account (at t = 0). their long-run financial plan is to add an additional $5,000 in each of the next 4 years (at t = 1, 2, 3, and 4). then they plan to make 3 equal annual contributions in each of the following years, t = 5, 6, and 7. they expect their investment account to earn 9%. how large must the annual payments at t = 5, 6, and 7 be to cover ellen's anticipated college costs? a. $1,965.21b. $2,068.64c. $2,177.51d. $2,292.12e. $2,412.76