Isabel, a calendar-year taxpayer, uses the cash method of accounting for her sole proprietorship. in late december she received a $20,000 bill from her accountant for consulting services related to her small business. isabel can pay the $20,000 bill anytime before january 30 of next year without penalty. assume her marginal tax rate is 37 percent this year and next year, and that she can earn an after-tax rate of return of 12 percent on her investments.

Each month, business today publishes a news piece about an innovative product, service, or business. such soft news is generally written by a freelance business writer and is known as a

Assume that the following conditions exist: a. all banks are fully loaned up- there are no excess reserves, and desired excess reserves are always zero. b. the money multiplier is 5 .     c. the planned investment schedule is such that at a 4 percent rate of interest, investment =$1450 billion. at 5 percent, investment is $1420 billion. d. the investment multiplier is 3 . e.. the initial equilibrium level of real gdp is $12 trillion. f. the equilibrium rate of interest is 4 percent now the fed engages in contractionary monetary policy. it sells $1 billion worth of bonds, which reduces the money supply, which in turn raises the market rate of interest by 1 percentage point. calculate the decrease in money supply after fed's sale of bonds: $nothing billion.

Companies under market structures are independent