For external reporting purposes, u. s. gaap allows companies to use
a. the variable costing format.
b. only the traditional format of the income statement.
c. only the contribution margin format of the income statement.
d. either the traditional format or the contribution margin format.

B. only the traditional format of the income statement.

Explanation:

There is only one format under US GAAP, that is the traditional format, the variable costing format or the contribution margin format are all concepts of cost accounting, and not of accounting.

As per US GAAP the books are prepared in traditional format income statement. No other format is followed for reporting and presenting the financial statements of the company.

Therefore, correct option is:

Option B

being born in poverty would limit the people's chances, opportunities and benefits.

this happen because of several things, such as:

- poor people tend to gain less access to good education and nutrition. this mean that their chance to obtain high paying jobs would also be limited.

- poor people tend to socialize with other poor people while the rich tend to socialize with other rich people. this means that simply throguh their social circle, rich people would have more business opportunities compared to the poor people.

- rich people tend to have more capital in their disposal. this would benefit them in business since it is far easier for them to fund their business operation compared to poor people.

i have economics during second block which is easy to me. anyways, i think b.