In the 1950s, illinois enacted legislation requiring trucks to have curved mud flaps. there was no federal law about mud flaps at the time, but the illinois statute was enacted because state legislators asserted that the curved mud flaps were more effective in preventing accidents than the straight mud flaps. several trucking companies brought suit, because the illinois statute conflicted with the laws of other states that required straight mud flaps. was the illinois statute constitutional?
a. yes because it did not discriminate against out of state truckers.
b. no because it violated the commerce clause.
c. yes, there was no federal statute so the state statute did not violate the supremacy clause.
d. no, the supremacy clause does not allow conflicting state legislation.

If a bond is issued at a premium the effective interest rate is most likely

Fanning company is considering the addition of a new product to its cosmetics line. the company has three distinctly different options: a skin cream, a bath oil, or a hair coloring gel. relevant information and budgeted annual income statements for each of the products follow. skin cream bath oil color gel budgeted sales in units (a) 110,000 190,000 70,000 expected sales price (b) $8 $4 $11 variable costs per unit (c) $2 $2 $7 income statements sales revenue (a × b) $880,000 $760,000 $770,000 variable costs (a × c) (220,000) (380,000) (490,000) contribution margin 660,000 380,000 280,000 fixed costs (432,000) (240,000) (76,000) net income $228,000 $140,000 $204,000 required: (a) determine the margin of safety as a percentage for each product. (b) prepare revised income statements for each product, assuming a 20 percent increase in the budgeted sales volume. (c) for each product, determine the percentage change in net income that results from the 20 percent increase in sales. (d) assuming that management is pessimistic and risk averse, which product should the company add to its cosmetics line? (e) assuming that management is optimistic and risk aggressive, which product should the company add to its cosmetics line?

Ashop owner uses a reorder point approach to restocking a certain raw material. lead time is six days. usage of the material during lead time is normally distributed with a mean of 42 pounds and a standard deviation of four pounds. when should the raw material be reordered if the acceptable risk of a stockout is 3 percent?