Suppose turkey has exports of 2 billion turkish lira, while its imports are 2 billion turkish lira. calculate turkey's "index of openness" (trade-to-gdp ratio) assuming turkey has 10 billion turkish lira of output, or gdp.

Adamson company manufactures four lines of garden tools. as a result of an activity analysis, the accounting department has identified eight activity cost pools. each of the product lines is produced in large batches, with the whole plant devoted to one product at a time. classify each of the following activities or costs as either unit-level, batch-level, product-level, or facility-level. activities (a) machining parts. (b) product design. (c) plant maintenance. (d) machine setup. (e) assembling parts. (f) purchasing raw materials. (g) property taxes. (h) painting.