The first principle of economics discussed in chapter 1 is that people face trade-offs. use a production possibilities frontier to illustrate society’s trade-off between two “goods”—a clean environment and the quantity of industrial output. what do you suppose determines the shape and position of the frontier? show what happens to the frontier if engineers develop a new way of producing electricity that emits fewer pollutants.

Assume that the following conditions exist: a. all banks are fully loaned up- there are no excess reserves, and desired excess reserves are always zero. b. the money multiplier is 5 .     c. the planned investment schedule is such that at a 4 percent rate of interest, investment =$1450 billion. at 5 percent, investment is $1420 billion. d. the investment multiplier is 3 . e.. the initial equilibrium level of real gdp is $12 trillion. f. the equilibrium rate of interest is 4 percent now the fed engages in contractionary monetary policy. it sells $1 billion worth of bonds, which reduces the money supply, which in turn raises the market rate of interest by 1 percentage point. calculate the decrease in money supply after fed's sale of bonds: $nothing billion.

Which of the following best explains why large companies pay less for goods from wholesalers? a. large companies are able to pay for the goods they purchase in cash. b. large companies are able to increase the efficiency of wholesale production. c. large companies can buy all or most of a wholesaler's stock. d. large companies have better-paid employees who are better negotiators.

Shelly bought a house five years ago for $150,000 and obtained an 80% loan. now the home is worth $140,000 and her loan balance has been reduced by $12,000. what is shelly's current equity?