Rankin pharmaceutical company maintains a debt-equity ratio of 0.65 and has a tax rate of 32 percent. the firm does not issue preferred stock. the pre-tax cost of debt is 9.8 percent. there are 25,000 shares of stock outstanding with a beta of 1.2 and a market price of $19 a share. the current market risk premium is 8.5 percent and the current risk-free rate is 3.6 percent. this year, the firm paid an annual dividend of $1.10 a share and expects to increase that amount by 2 percent each year. using an average expected cost of equity, what is the weighted average cost of capital?

Insurance companies have internal controls in place to protect assets, monitor the accuracy of accounting records and encourage operational efficiencies and adherence to policies. these internal controls are generally of two types: administrative controls and accounting controls. administrative controls are the policies and procedures that guide the daily actions of employees. accounting controls are the policies and procedures that delineate authorizations of financial transactions that are done, safeguard assets, and provide reports on the company’s financial status in a reliable and timely manner. internal controls should include both preventative and detective controls. the purpose of preventative controls is to stop problems and errors before they occur. detective controls identify problems after they have occurred. preventative controls are usually more effective at reducing problems, but they also tend to be more expensive. internal controls must be flexible to adjust for changes in laws and regulations in addition to adding new products or modifying current ones. companies must also do regular analyses to ensure that the benefits of implementing the controls are worth their costs. when concerned about paying unwarranted insurance claims which type of control would be useful?

Consider two similar industries, portal crane manufacturing (pcm) and forklift manufacturing (flm). the pcm industry has exactly three incumbents with annual sales of $800 million, $200 million and $100 million, respectively. the flm industry has also exactly three incumbents, with annual sales of $500 million, $450 million and $400 million, respectively. which industry is more likely to experience a higher level of rivalry?

Which of the following is considered part of a country’s infrastructure?