The cost approach to pricing: a. means prices are set to cover direct costs, contribute to indirect, and attain a profit. b. implies that cost analysis is the only technique that should be employed to negotiate prices. c. is the only defensible pricing mechanism for ethical companies to use. d. implies that prices are set based on the cost the market will bear. e. means that prices are adjusted regularly to ensure that the selling organization recoups all its costs.

Bridgeport company began operations at the beginning of 2018. the following information pertains to this company. 1. pretax financial income for 2018 is $115,000. 2. the tax rate enacted for 2018 and future years is 40%. 3. differences between the 2018 income statement and tax return are listed below: (a) warranty expense accrued for financial reporting purposes amounts to $7,500. warranty deductions per the tax return amount to $2,200. (b) gross profit on construction contracts using the percentage-of-completion method per books amounts to $94,700. gross profit on construction contracts for tax purposes amounts to $67,100. (c) depreciation of property, plant, and equipment for financial reporting purposes amounts to $61,800. depreciation of these assets amounts to $75,700 for the tax return. (d) a $3,600 fine paid for violation of pollution laws was deducted in computing pretax financial income. (e) interest revenue recognized on an investment in tax-exempt municipal bonds amounts to $1,500. 4. taxable income is expected for the next few years. (assume (a) is short-term in nature; assume (b) and (c) are long-term in nature.) (a) prepare the reconciliation schedule for 2017 and future years. (b) prepare the journal entry to record income tax expense for 2017. (c) prepare the income tax expense section of the income statement beginning with “income before income taxes.” (d) determine how the deferred taxes will appear on the balance sheet at the end of 2017.

Exercise 18-15 sheffield appliance center is an experienced home appliance dealer. sheffield appliance center also offers a number of services for the home appliances that it sells. assume that sheffield appliance center sells ovens on a standalone basis. sheffield appliance center also sells installation services and maintenance services for ovens. however, sheffield appliance center does not offer installation or maintenance services to customers who buy ovens from other vendors. pricing for ovens is as follows. oven only $790 oven with installation service 850 oven with maintenance services 970 oven with installation and maintenance services 990 in each instance in which maintenance services are provided, the maintenance service is separately priced within the arrangement at $180. additionally, the incremental amount charged by sheffield appliance center for installation approximates the amount charged by independent third parties. ovens are sold subject to a general right of return. if a customer purchases an oven with installation and/or maintenance services, in the event sheffield appliance center does not complete the service satisfactorily, the customer is only entitled to a refund of the portion of the fee that exceeds $790. assume that a customer purchases an oven with both installation and maintenance services for $990. (b) indicate the amount of revenue that should be allocated to the oven, the installation, and to the maintenance contract.

Colorado rocky cookie company offers credit terms to its customers. at the end of 2018, accounts receivable totaled $715,000. the allowance method is used to account for uncollectible accounts. the allowance for uncollectible accounts had a credit balance of $50,000 at the beginning of 2018 and $30,000 in receivables were written off during the year as uncollectible. also, $3,000 in cash was received in december from a customer whose account previously had been written off. the company estimates bad debts by applying a percentage of 15% to accounts receivable at the end of the year. 1. prepare journal entries to record the write-off of receivables, the collection of $3,000 for previously written off receivables, and the year-end adjusting entry for bad debt expense.2. how would accounts receivable be shown in the 2018 year-end balance sheet?