Richard received a low score on his performance appraisal because he did not create project-specific data management plans as part of his job as a clinical data manager. however, richard has not received training on creating such plans and will likely get a low score on this part of his appraisal again next year. this suggests richard’s appraisal falls short of which reason for conducting performance appraisals?

The business cycle is the periodic but irregular up-and-down movement in economic activity, measured by fluctuations in real gross domestic product (gdp) and other macroeconomic variables. a business cycle is typically characterized by four phases—recession, recovery, growth, and decline—that repeat themselves over time. economists note, however, that complete business cycles vary in length. the duration of business cycles can be anywhere from about two to twelve years, with most cycles averaging six years in length. some business analysts use the business cycle model and terminology to study and explain fluctuations in business inventory and other individual elements of corporate operations. but the term "business cycle" is still primarily associated with larger (industry-wide, regional, national, or even international) business trends.

There is no graph so we cannot answer

The advantage of administering personality tests on employees is that it will allow the employer to know the mindset and personality of the employee. this will allow the employer to at least have an idea as to how the employee works and how his attitude in the workplace. the disadvantage is that it may make the employee a little anxious as to whether he would meet the personality requirements of the employer and whether he would be able to retain the job or not. 

1) d 2) d 3) c 4) d 5) a 6) c 7) a 8) b 9) a 10) a 11) d 12) c 13) c 14) d 15) a 16) a 17) d 18) c 19) c 20) c