Josh runs into heavy traffic every day while driving to work. yesterday, he left home earlier than usual and did not run into heavy traffic. again, today, he left earlier and avoided heavy traffic. his behavior of leaving earlier enabled him to avoid heavy traffic and reach the office on time. in which of the following processes did josh engage? a. positive reinforcement b. extinction c. punishment d. negative reinforcement e. intermittent reinforcement

Asap ! 1. evaluate the following and simplify if possible when pie = 22 11/pie = 2. evaluate the following and simplify if possible when pie = 11 and y = 5 pie/12 - y/12 = 3. evaluate the following and simplify if possible when pie = 5 : 3/pie + 2/ pie = 4. evaluate the following and simplify if possible when pie = 5 : 3/pie + 2/pie = 5. evaluate the following and simplify if possible when pie = 6 and y = 10: x/y = 6. evaluate the following and simplify if possible when pie = 6: pie/9 7. evaluate the following and simplify if possible when pie = 5 and y = 20: pie/y = 8. evaluate the following and simplify if possible when pie = 4 and y = 24: pie/y = 9. evaluate the following and simplify if possible when pie = 6 5/pie = 10. evaluate the following and simplify if possible when pie = 21 4/7 + 2/pie = 11. evaluate the following and simplify if possible when pie = 3 and y = 1 pie/10 + y/5 = 12.evaluate the following and simplify if possible when pie = 8 pie/10 =

Suppose that electricity producers create a negative externality equal to $5 per unit. further suppose that the government imposes a $5 per-unit tax on the producers. what is the relationship between the after-tax equilibrium quantity and the socially optimal quantity of electricity to be produced?

Consider the following information on stocks a, b, c and their returns (in decimals) in each state: state prob. of state a b c boom 20% 0.27 0.22 0.16 good 45% 0.16 0.09 0.07 poor 25% 0.03 0 0.03 bust 10% -0.08 -0.04 -0.02 if your portfolio is invested 25% in a, 40% in b, and 35% in c, what is the standard deviation of the portfolio in percent? answer to two decimals, carry intermediate calcs. to at least four decimals.