Your heart has four valves. normally, these valves open to let blood flow through your heart, and then shut to keep it from flowing backward. sometimes the valves don't work properly, causing some or all of the following disorders. in regurgitation, blood leaks back through the valve in the wrong direction. in valve prolapse, the valves have "floppy" flaps and don't close tightly. it's one of the most common heart valve conditions. sometimes it causes regurgitation. in stenosis, the valve doesn't open enough and blocks blood flow. based on your knowledge of the heart, explain how regurgitation, valve prolapse, and stenosis each adversely affects blood flow and the oxygenation of body tissues.

Regurgitation affects the blood flow by mixing oxygen-rich blood with oxygen-poor. The heart has to pump more to oxygenate the whole body resulting in a rapid, fluttering heartbeat. Tissues get oxygenated but regurgitation could be fatal, because the heart cannot work overtime forever.

Valve prolapse affects blood flow when the blood flows back up. This causes a racing or irregular heartbeat. Sometimes blood can flow back up to the lungs. There isn't a big impact in the oxygenation of body tissues.

Stenosis causes the ventricle to thicken and pump overtime to get enough blood through. This works for a while but this will lead to heart failure because the heart can't do it for a lifetime. The tissues are oxygenated but overtime it will be an issue.

the diploid number of chromosomes is sometimes represented by the symbol 2n. for the fruit fly, the diploid number is 8, which can be written as 2n = 8, where n represents twice the number of chromosomes in a sperm or egg cell.

oxygen = 21% of the atmosphere

nitrogen = 78%

carbon dioxide = 0.1%

argon =0.934%