An algae begins to produce chemical defenses after it has been grazed upon by a herbivore. this is an example of: inducible defense dependent defense reactive defense deliberate defense designed defense

The right option is inducible defense

Inducible defense is a defense mechanism activated by plants against herbivore attacks.This mechanism is activated through a prior encounter with a consumer that confer some level of resistance to subsequent attacks. For the question given above, production of chemical defenses by an algae after it has been grazed upon by a herbivore is an example of inducible defense.

Inducible defenses occur as a consequence of damage or stress produced by the action of an herbivore.

Explanation:

The inducible defenses are mobilized towards the site where the plant is damaged. Plants employ a wide variety of molecular and biochemical mechanisms against the action of herbivores. For example, induced defenses contain a number of secondary metabolites, also morphological and physiological changes. Its main advantage is that this type of defense is only used when required, causing less energy and resource expenditure for the plant.

the answer for this question would be d. glaciers

c. heat from the poles back down towards the equator.